Managing Chronic Conditions in Senior Cats
Just like their human companions, as cats age, they become more likely to develop chronic health conditions. Common chronic health issues in cats include arthritis, diabetes and chronic kidney disease. While many of these conditions cannot be prevented or corrected, they can be managed and controlled, allowing senior cats to live out the healthiest quality of life as possible.
This guide will offer some guidance on caring for cats with chronic health issues, managing different conditions and ways to keep your cat safe and healthy for the rest of their lives.
Here are some common chronic conditions senior cats may experience and how best to look after them as a cat parent:
Arthritis
Degenerative joint disease, or arthritis, is a progressive condition which affects the majority of cats over the age of 10. Arthritis is caused by the breakdown of cartilage around the joints, causing pain and inflammation, often decreasing the mobility in senior cats. Senior cats may struggle jumping, playing, or accessing their food or litter boxes.
While arthritis is not preventable, there are recommended medications and supplements to slow the progression of the condition and minimize the symptoms. It is also important to ensure your cat can easily access necessities such as food, water and the litter box. Consider keeping multiple, low-sided litter boxes around the house and providing food, water and bedding at comfortable heights to reduce strain on your senior cat's joints.
Diabetes
Diabetes is a condition in which the body cannot regulate blood sugar levels because it cannot properly produce insulin. Common symptoms among senior cats who have diabetes include increased thirst or urination, weight loss and lethargy.
The primary treatment method of diabetes in senior cats is through insulin injections. Another method to treat diabetes is through a diet of low carbohydrates and high protein, or special diabetic food to manage blood sugar. By observing your cat’s glucose levels regularly, and seeking appropriate treatment, you can minimize any complications associated with feline diabetes.
Dementia
Dementia is the death of nerve cells in the brains of older cats which can negatively affect cognitive functions such as memory and awareness. Senior cats who develop dementia can easily become disoriented, forget their usual habits such as eating or using the litter box, or become more vocal as the condition progresses.
Like other chronic conditions, supplements and medications are available to treat the symptoms and slow the progression of dementia. Another form of treatment for the condition is environmental enrichment and changes. Providing easier access to their necessities, and stimulating toys and activities can reduce stress for your senior cat and fight against declining cognitive function.
Kidney Disease
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the more prominent conditions which affect senior cats. CKD leads to a loss of kidney function, with symptoms such as increased thirst and urination, urinary accidents and dehydration developing as a result.
Depending on the underlying cause of CKD, and what stage of the condition your senior cat is in, different treatments may be prescribed. Different medications or dietary supplements can be recommended to manage CKD. Additionally, as kidneys work to preserve water and balance fluids within the body, ensuring your senior cat is properly hydrated is vital to managing CKD.
Dental Disease
There are a variety of dental diseases and conditions cats can develop as they age, such as teeth resorption, gingivitis and periodontal disease. Different dental diseases and conditions can present different symptoms, with common symptoms including swollen or bleeding gums, bad breath and excessive drooling.
Dental diseases in senior cats can also lead to greater health issues within the body. Infections in the mouth can travel to other parts of the body, and pain from these problems can make it difficult for senior cats to eat. Overall, having a solid dental health routine with your cat, such as daily brushing and regular dental checkups, can prevent serious dental disease.
While every chronic condition comes with its own set of symptoms and treatments, monitoring your senior cat and regular veterinary check ups can help you stay on top of any health issues.
Senior cats in shelters are often overlooked for younger cats or kittens, and ones with chronic health conditions and comorbidities are even less likely to get adopted. While they may require some extra care, senior cats make wonderful pets and should live out their years in loving homes.
Note: This guide provides a general overview of managing chronic illnesses and caring for senior cats. For more information on caring for senior cats with health problems, you can check out PetMD for a more comprehensive care guide. Always consult your veterinarian for personalized advice to ensure your cat remains healthy and comfortable.
References
Boldan, Melissa. “Dementia in Cats.” PetMD, 28 Nov. 2023, https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/neurological/dementia-cats.
Cornell Feline Health Center. “Feline Dental Disease.” Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 4 Oct. 2017, https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/cornell-feline-health-center/health-information/feline-health-topics/feline-dental-disease.
Cornell Feline Health Center. “Feline Diabetes.” Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 23 July 2018, www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/cornell-feline-health-center/health-information/feline-health-topics/feline-diabetes.
Jones, Lauren. “Arthritis in Cats.” PetMD, 12 July 2023, https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/musculoskeletal/arthritis-cats.
Morrison, Barri J. “10 Most Common Illnesses in Senior Cats.” PetMD, 27 Sept. 2024, https://www.petmd.com/cat/general-health/most-common-illnesses-in-senior-cats.
PetMD Editorial. “Gum Disease in Cats.” PetMD, 31 Jan. 2024, https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/mouth/gum-disease-in-cats.
